China
Country：The People's Republic of China(P.R.C.)
Country Code：CHN
Official language：Mandarin
Currency：Renminbi
Time zone：East time zone 8
Population：1.37 billion in the mainland of China by end of 2010(the largest population in the world)
Religions： Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity
Territory：about 9.6 million sq km
Capital: Beijing
Administration regions: China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities-Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing and 2 Special Administrative Regions - Hong Kong and Macao
Nationalities
China is a unified, multi-national country, comprising 56 nationalities. The Han people make up 91.02 percent of the total population, leaving 8.98 percent for the other 55 ethnic minorities. They are Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Uygur, Miao, Yi and so on.
Climate
China’s climate features typical monsoon, continental and other various climates. The temperature in the country is usually relatively low in winter and a temperature difference arrives at up to 50 degrees centigrade between the north and south of the China.
Geography
China's topography is very complex. Its outline descends step by step from the west to the east. Mountains, plateaus and hilly land take up 67 percent of the total land area while basins and plains 33 percent. Mountains range from east to west or northeast to southwest. Its continental shelf in the east and south of the country is rich in natural resources.
History
China has a long-time tradition and civilization with more than 5000 years. Its long history is considered into the following periods
Before 1.7 million years: Yuanmou people, the earliest recorded human settlements
Before year 1840: Eolithic, slave and feudalism societies
In year 1840: Opium war broke out
From 1840 to 1949: modern period and semi-colony and semi-feudalism society
(Two phases: old democracy revolution from 1840 to 1919 and new democracy revolution from 1919 to 1949; in 1919 May 4th campaign)
On Oct.1, 1949 The people’s Republic of China was founded as a symbol of China entering a new era of socialism revolutionary and construction period.
Politics
State structure: united, multi-nationality country with a single structure of independent sovereignty, ethnic autonomous systems and special administrative systems
Constitution: People’s democracy and administration socialism
State power: National People's Congress (NPC)
Party system: Parties’ cooperation and political consultancy with the leadership of CPC
Ruling party: Communist Party of China, the only ruling party in China
Culture
With rapid economic development and wealthy harvest, China has made great achievements in various ethnic cultures and arts such as literature, drawings, music, operas and traditional handcrafts.
Economy
The economy had been very weak before the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949. But nowadays, China has been one of the most potential economic giants in the word as its people have lived a well-off life as a whole. During the 21st, the government strengthens and improves macro-economic control and makes the steady increase in national economy.
China’s economic development is realized by five-year plans. 9 five-year plans from 1953 to 2000 were completed to form a good foundation to China’s economy. And the 10th five-year plan from 2001 to 2005 made tremendous success to have China’s economy rank the top list in the world.
According to Bank of World, China’s GDP arrived at 4.99 trillion US dollars in 2009.
Industries
China has been increasing all its industries at a very high speed since reforms and opening began in 1979, forming a good synchronized development of speed, quality and benefits. China now ranks No. 1 as its largest output in the world such as steel, coal, cement, farming fertilizers and TV sets.
Agriculture
China has the plantation of 123.4 million sq hm in the plains and basins of eastern China influenced by monsoon. Planting is the most important agricultural ways in china with main food crops such as paddy, wheat, corns and soybeans and main economic crops such as cotton, peanuts, coles, sugar cane and beets.
Transportation
Land: total highways 3.95 million km and the national framework of express ways formed by end of 2010
Marine: Seaport capacity of 5.5 billion tons and 123 thousand river routes
Airlines: the 2nd largest air transportation in the world with 1610 civil aerotransports in China.
Finance
Now China has set up a complete financial system which combines banks, securities and insurance and features multi-functions, responsibilities and cooperation, harmonious development of policies and commerce.
Tourism
China is quite rich in tour resources as it has splendid mountains and beautiful rivers, colorful folk traditions, distinct plants and animals, numerous places of interest and heritage relics as well as various dramas, music, dances and food. China attracts tens of thousands of visitors from all over the world.
Now China has been the largest, most rapidly-developing and potential tourism market in the world.
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